{"id":39,"date":"2017-07-07T00:00:03","date_gmt":"2017-07-07T00:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/motherearthproductsblog.com\/?p=39"},"modified":"2018-11-29T13:45:53","modified_gmt":"2018-11-29T13:45:53","slug":"history-of-freeze-drying","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/motherearthproductsblog.com\/index.php\/2017\/07\/07\/history-of-freeze-drying\/","title":{"rendered":"History of Freeze Drying"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"167\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/motherearthproductsblog.com\/index.php\/2017\/07\/07\/history-of-freeze-drying\/history-of-freeze-drying-2\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/motherearthproductsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/History-of-Freeze-Drying.jpg?fit=400%2C361&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"400,361\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"History of Freeze Drying\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/motherearthproductsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/History-of-Freeze-Drying.jpg?fit=400%2C361&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-167\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/motherearthproductsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/History-of-Freeze-Drying.jpg?resize=300%2C271\" alt=\"History of Freeze Drying\" width=\"300\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/motherearthproductsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/History-of-Freeze-Drying.jpg?resize=300%2C271&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/motherearthproductsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/History-of-Freeze-Drying.jpg?w=400&amp;ssl=1 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Freeze-drying, or lyophilization, is the removal of water from frozen food through a process called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/freeze-dried-food-4072211\">sublimation<\/a>.<sup>1 <\/sup>This process is done under a vacuum and low temperatures, and the product freezing solidly during the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.freeze-dry.com\/2015\/09\/29\/history-of-freeze-drying\/\">process<\/a>.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Freeze drying removes water from the food to make it last longer. The water&#8217;s vaporized through the process of sublimation, where water, in solid state, changes directly to vapor, producing a product with controllable <a href=\"http:\/\/www.freeze-dry.com\/2015\/09\/29\/history-of-freeze-drying\/\">moisture<\/a>.<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0 It&#8217;s a perfect way to preserve food, since freeze dried food products don&#8217;t\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lyotechnology.com\/fd-milestones.html\">shrink<\/a>.<sup>3\u00a0<\/sup>Freeze dried foods can be stored without <a href=\"http:\/\/motherearthproductsblog.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/10\/5-often-neglected-cooking-methods-to-keep-nutrients-intact\/\">cooking<\/a> or refrigeration. They need no additional flavor or color modification. Freeze dried foods are also light and are ideal for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/freeze-dried-food-4072211\">space travel, camping, backpacking, and traveling<\/a>.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><strong>The Process<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Freezing <\/strong>&#8211; the product frozen to enable low-temperature drying.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vacuum\u00a0<\/strong>&#8211; placed under vacuum to allow the frozen solvent to vaporize through sublimation: it doesn\u2019t pass through the liquid phase.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Heat\u00a0<\/strong>&#8211; applied to the frozen product to accelerate sublimation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Condensation\u00a0<\/strong>&#8211; low temperature enforced by the condenser plates to remove the vaporized solvent from the vacuum chamber by converting it back to a solid. This completes the process of separation. The result is a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.freeze-dry.com\/2015\/09\/29\/history-of-freeze-drying\/\">dry product<\/a>.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><strong>The History of Freeze Drying<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Freeze drying origins are traced back to the ancient Peruvian Incas of the Andes in the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.freeze-dry.com\/2015\/09\/29\/history-of-freeze-drying\/\">15th century.<\/a><sup>\u00a02<\/sup> <sup>1<\/sup> \u00a0They stored their crops, like potatoes, on the mountain heights above Machu Picchu. The cold mountain temperatures froze the food stores, and water gradually vaporized under low pressure because of the high mountain altitudes &#8211; freeze drying the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lyotechnology.com\/fd-milestones.html\">food<\/a>.<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0Buddhist monks living on the sacred mountain &#8220;Koya&#8221; used this technique. They stored tofu in the mountain snow, where the high altitudes and cold winds freeze dried the tofu. <sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In 1905, Benedict and Manning created the first freeze dryer, which dried the blood tissues using a chemical <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lyotechnology.com\/fd-milestones.html\">pump<\/a>.<sup>3\u00a0<\/sup>In 1910, Shackell modified the basic design of the Benedict and Manning pump to an electrically driven pump to create the required vacuum, instead of the displacement of air with ethyl ether used in the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.freeze-dry.com\/2015\/09\/29\/history-of-freeze-drying\/\">original design<\/a>.<sup>2\u00a0<\/sup>In 1934, the US patent was issued to Elser for creating the drying equipment that replaced Shackell\u2019s design with a cold trap chilled with <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lyotechnology.com\/fd-milestones.html\">dry ice<\/a>.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n<h3>Modern Freeze Drying<\/h3>\n<p>In the 1940s during World War 2, freeze drying took on the modern method, due to the need for blood.<sup>3<\/sup> The blood sent to Europe from the US for the medical treatment of wounded soldiers required <a href=\"http:\/\/foodprocessinghistory.blogspot.co.ke\/2013\/07\/history-of-freeze-drying-process.html\">refrigeration<\/a>.<sup>4\u00a0 <\/sup>Due to the lack of refrigeration and transport, blood supplies would spoil before arriving at their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/freeze-dried-food-4072211\">destination<\/a>;<sup>1<\/sup>\u00a0So, more modern freeze drying techniques had to be created to preserve blood plasma, making it possible for the blood to be chemically stable without the need for <a href=\"http:\/\/www.freeze-dry.com\/2015\/09\/29\/history-of-freeze-drying\/\">refrigeration<\/a>. <sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The medical community implemented freeze drying for penicillin and <a href=\"http:\/\/foodprocessinghistory.blogspot.co.ke\/2013\/07\/history-of-freeze-drying-process.html\">bone<\/a>.<sup>4<\/sup>\u00a0They recognized freeze drying as an important technique for preservation of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/freeze-dried-food-4072211\">biological matter<\/a>.<sup>1<\/sup>\u00a0A freeze dryer was used, and it had a large chamber for freezing and a vacuum pump for removing <a href=\"http:\/\/www.freeze-dry.com\/2015\/09\/29\/history-of-freeze-drying\/\">moisture<\/a>.<sup>2<\/sup> From then on, freeze drying became\u00a0 a preservation technique for pharmaceuticals and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/freeze-dried-food-4072211\">food<\/a>.<sup>1<\/sup>\u00a0Since the 1960s, over 400 different types of freeze dried foods have been produced commercially using <a href=\"http:\/\/www.freeze-dry.com\/2015\/09\/29\/history-of-freeze-drying\/\">freeze drying<\/a>.<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0NASA adopted this technique in 1968, and created freeze dried ice cream.<\/p>\n<p>Freeze dried coffee outruns all other freeze dried products in popularity.\u00a0\u00a0<sup>2 <\/sup>\u00a0First produced in 1938 by Nestle after Brazil requested the company to help them find a solution to the coffee surplus, Nescafe, an instant coffee powder, debuted in Switzerland. It paved the way to the production of powdered food <a href=\"http:\/\/www.freeze-dry.com\/2015\/09\/29\/history-of-freeze-drying\/\">products<\/a>.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Freeze drying evolves continually. More products pop up more every year, because freeze drying&#8217;s popularity has grown for a variety of different foods and flavors. They retain their natural composition, and the integrity of minerals, vitamins and other nutrients.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/motherearthproducts.com\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"201\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/motherearthproductsblog.com\/index.php\/2018\/04\/05\/everything-you-need-to-know-about-tvp-bacon\/button_visit-store1\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/motherearthproductsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/button_visit-store1.png?fit=142%2C40&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"142,40\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"button_visit-store(1)\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/motherearthproductsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/button_visit-store1.png?fit=142%2C40&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-201\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/motherearthproductsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/button_visit-store1.png?resize=142%2C40\" alt=\"Mother Earth Products\" width=\"142\" height=\"40\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/freeze-dried-food-4072211\">https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/freeze-dried-food-4072211<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.freeze-dry.com\/2015\/09\/29\/history-of-freeze-drying\/\">http:\/\/www.freeze-dry.com\/2015\/09\/29\/history-of-freeze-drying\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lyotechnology.com\/fd-milestones.html\">http:\/\/www.lyotechnology.com\/fd-milestones.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/foodprocessinghistory.blogspot.co.ke\/2013\/07\/history-of-freeze-drying-process.html\">http:\/\/foodprocessinghistory.blogspot.co.ke\/2013\/07\/history-of-freeze-drying-process.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Freeze-drying, or lyophilization, is the removal of water from frozen food through a process called&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":167,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[211],"tags":[52,165,177,53,178,42],"class_list":["post-39","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informative","tag-food","tag-freeze-dried-food","tag-freeze-dry","tag-history","tag-medicine","tag-mother-earth-products","has-excerpt"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The History of Freeze Drying - Mother Earth Products<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Have you ever wondered about how astronaut ice cream is made? 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